<li><a  href=\"".$host."/articles/serving-guide/badminton-serve-types.php\">The  four types of serve</a></li>

$tocArray = "||badminton-serve-types|The four types of badminton  serve";

   <?php
       $tocArray =
           "|Introduction
           ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique+
               ||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
               ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve-
           ||tactics|Serving tactics";
          
      
       $tocList=explode("||", $tocArray);
       $directory = "";        // placeholder empty string;
       foreach($tocList as $value) {
           $temp = explode("|",$value);
           $temp3 = trim($temp[1]); $temp4 = rtrim($temp3, "+-");            // removes nesting-signal characters from anchor text
           if ( (substr($temp[0], -1) != "/") && ( strlen($temp[0])  > 0) ) {$temp[0] .= ".php";}            // adds .php for all  non-directory URLs
           $tocURL = $host."/articles/".$article."/".$directory.$temp[0];                               // creates a URL
           if ($tocURL == ($host.$path)) { $entry ="<li  class=\"here\"><span>".$temp4."</span>"; }        //  "you are here" formatting
           else { $entry = "<li><a href=\"".$tocURL."\">".$temp4."</a>"; }        // normal link
          
           $temp2 = substr($temp[1], -1);
           if ($temp2 == "+") {                // for the start of a section
               $directory = $temp[0];        // capturing the directory string for later
               echo $entry."<ol>\n\t";     // starting a nested list
               echo "DEBUG: I dont understand PHP";
           }
           if ($temp2 == "-") {                                // for the end of a section
               echo $entry."</li>\n\t</ol></li>";     // ending nested list
               $directory = "";        // resetting directory
           }
           if ($temp2 != "-" && $temp2 != "+") { echo $entry."</li>\n"; }
       }
       ?>

$tocArray =
           "|Introduction
           ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique+
               ||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
               ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve-
           ||tactics|Serving tactics+;

<?php

$tocArray =
           "|Introduction
           ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique+
               ||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
               ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique+
                   ||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
                   ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve-
               ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve-
               ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique+
               ||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
               ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve-
           ||tactics|Serving tactics";

echo('<ul>'.make_menu($tocArray).'</ul>');

function make_menu(&$str) {
    $rs='';
    //$str=trim($str,"\t");
    $last_char='';
    do {
        $vpp=strpos($str,'||'); // find first vertical pipe pair
        $ss=($vpp?substr($str,0,$vpp):$str); // get sub-text (the inline if is for the very last link
        $str=substr($str,$vpp+2); // chop the original string
        $p=explode('|',$ss); // explode link and text
        $n=rtrim($p[1]); // kill any crapp on the end
        $ln=strlen($n)-1; // get the length
        $last_char=$n[$ln]; // get the last char
        $lt=(($last_char=='+'||$last_char=='-')?substr($n,0,$ln-2):$n); // clean up the link text
        $rs.='<li><a href="'.$p[0].'">'.$lt.'</a>'; // make the link
        if($last_char=='+') { // check if we should do a nested list
            $rs.='<ul>'.make_menu($str).'</ul>'; // call this function recursively for the nested list
        }
        $rs.='</li>'."\n"; // end this item
    } while($vpp&&($last_char!='-')); // keep going as long as no minus or the end of the string comes
    return $rs; // return the list
}

?>

<?php




       $tocArray =
           "|Introduction
                       ||basic-technique/|Basic serving technique ||+||backhand-low-serve-technique|Backhand low serve
                       ||backhand-flick-serve-technique|Backhand flick serve ||-||tactics|Serving tactics";
          

       $tocList=explode("||", $tocArray);
       $directory = "";        // placeholder empty string;
   foreach($tocList as $key => $value)
   {
       $value = trim($value);
       // First things first
       // if this is the start or end of some nested elements -- close it all up
      
           if ($value == '+')
           {
                echo '<ol>';
                continue;
            } else if ($value == '-') {
                echo '</ol></li>';
                continue;
            }
            
            // Get the two parts of the string now
           $temp = explode("|",$value);
          
           $temp[0] = trim($temp[0]); $temp[1] = trim($temp[1]); // Trip that icky white-space
          
          // Add .php to all non-directory URLs
          $temp[0] = substr($temp[0], -1) != "/" &&  strlen($temp[0])  > 0 ? $temp[0] . '.php' : $temp[0];
          
            // create a noice loitle urelly
           $tocURL = $host."/articles/".$article."/".$directory.$temp[0];
          
           // Okay so here's what I'm going to do
           // we will start the list element
          
          
           //  "you are here" formatting
           if ($tocURL == ($host.$path))
           {
                   echo "<li  class=\"here\"><span>", $temp[1], "</span>";
                
             // normal link
            } else {
                echo "<li><a href=\"", $tocURL, "\">".$temp[1]."</a>";
            }  
            
            // Now we check if this element will be followed by a + sign -- we will close the list only if
            // it is not
            
            if ($tocList[$key+1] != '+')
                echo '</li>';
          
  
       }






?>

$tocList=explode("||", $tocArray);
        $directory = "";        // placeholder empty string;
    foreach($tocList as $key => $value)
    {
        $value = trim($value);
        // First things first
        // if this is the start or end of some nested elements -- close it all up
              
             // Get the two parts of the string now
            $temp = explode("|",$value);
            
           $temp[0] = trim($temp[0]); $temp[1] = trim($temp[1]); // Trim white-space
          
          
           // Apply skill classes (hides some pages from beginners)
          
           $skills = explode("*", $temp[1]);
           if ($skills[1] == "IA") {
                   $skillClass = "intermediate advanced";
                 $temp[1] = $skills[0];    // Removing skill tokens from anchor text
             } else if ($skills[1] == "A") {
                 $skillClass = "advanced";
                 $temp[1] = $skills[0];      // Removing skill tokens from anchor text
             } else { $skillClass = ""; }        
          
           if ($tocList[$key-1] == '+') {
                 $tempDir = explode("|", $tocList[$key-2]);
                 $directory = $tempDir[0];
           }
          
            if ($value == '+')
            {
                 echo "<ol>\n";
                 continue;
             } else if ($value == '-') {
                 echo '</ol></li>';
                 $directory = "";
                 continue;
             }          
      
           // Add .php to all non-directory URLs
           $temp[0] = substr($temp[0], -1) != "/" &&  strlen($temp[0])  > 0 ? $temp[0] . '.php' : $temp[0];
          
             // create a URL
            $tocURL = $host."/articles/".$article."/".$directory.$temp[0];              
          
            //  "you are here" formatting
            if ($tocURL == ($host.$path))
            {
                    echo "<li  class=\"here\"><span>", $temp[1], "</span>";
                
             // normal link
             } else {
                 echo "<li class=\"".$skillClass."\"><a href=\"".$tocURL."\">".$temp[1]."</a>";
             }  
            
             // Now we check if this element will be followed by a + sign -- we will close the list only if
             // it is not
            
             if ($tocList[$key+1] != '+')
                 echo "</li>\n";
        }

<?php $tocArray =

    "|Introduction
    ||grip-principles|Grip principles
    ||racket-bevels|Badminton racket bevels
    ||grips/|Fundamental badminton grps
        ||+||basic-grip|Basic grip
        ||panhandle-grip|Panhandle grip
        ||thumb-grip|Thumb grip
        ||bevel-grip|Bevel grip*IA
    ||-||changing-grip|Changing grip
    ||grip-adjustments/|Adjusting your grip*IA
        ||+||grip-length|Grip length
        ||late-forehand-grip-adjustment|Late forehand
        ||late-backhand-grip-adjustment|Late backhand
        ||smash-grip-adjustment|Smash*A
    ||-||which-grip/|Which badminton grip?*IA
        ||+||serve|Which grip for serving?
        ||serve-return|Which grip for returning serve?
        ||net-shot|Which grip for net shots?
        ||net-kill|Which grip for net kills?
        ||drive-push|Which grip for drives and pushes?
        ||lift|Which grip for lifts?
        ||smash-defence|Which grip for smash defence?
        ||clear-smash-drop|Which grip for clears, smashes, and drops?
    ||-||background/|Background information
        ||+||old-grips|What happened to the old grips?
        ||grip-size|Grip size
        ||marking-the-racket-handle|Marking the racket handle
        ||alternative-views|Alternative views*A
        ||mechanics-of-grip-length|Mechanics of grip length*A||-    
";?>